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السؤال
السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته، وبعد:
كيف يأتي الرد على جواب الاستخارة وما أشكاله؟ وكيف أعرفه وأتيقن أنه هو؟ وإذا كان الرد رؤيا فكيف أفهمها؟ وإذا لم أفهم الرؤيا أو فعلت ما يخالف الرد فهل يضرني مخالفة الرد عند عدم الفهم؟
وجزاكم الله خيراً.
الإجابــة
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
الأخت الفاضلة/ الفقيرة إلى الله حفظها الله.
السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته، وبعد:
فإن هذا سؤال حسنٌ لطيف، والعلم بجوابه من العلم النافع الذي يحتاجه المؤمن صباح مساء، فإن العبد المؤمن عبدٌ مضطر لرحمة الله تعالى ويفوض أموره إلى ربه ومولاه، ولذلك كانت الاستخارة من أعظم العبادات التي يفزع فيها إلى الله تعالى، حتى لقد أخرج البخاري في صحيحه عن جابر رضي الله عنه أنه قال: (كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يعلمنا الاستخارة في الأمور كلها كما يعلمنا السورة من القرآن)، وهذا من أبلغ الإشارات إلى أن المؤمن بحاجة على الدوام لهذه القربة العظيمة، فإن أصل معنى الاستخارة هو طلب الخيرة في الشيء، أي أنك تدعين اختيارك لاختيار الله وتفوضين أمرك إلى الله وإلى حكمته الكاملة وعلمه الشامل جل وعلا.
وأما عن معرفة نتائج الاستخارة فإن لذلك علامات ظاهرة وخفية، فمن العلامات الظاهرة: حصول الانشراح في الصدر عندما يكون الأمر حسناً مقبولاً، ومعنى انشراح الصدر في هذه الحالة هو ميل الإنسان وحبه للشيء من غير هوىً للنفس أو ميل مصحوب لغرضٍ من الأغراض، ولذلك قال أهل العلم: ينبغي للمستخير أن يتجرد لله قبل استخارته وأن يجعل نيته أن يعمل بما يظهر له من الانشراح أو عدمه من ذلك، وهذا الذي عليه جمهور أهل العلم في علامات القبول.
ويضاد ذلك حصول انقباض في الصدر عندما يكون الأمر غير حسن وغير مرغوب فيه، ومع الانقباض أن يحصل للمستخير شعور بالضيق والنفور من هذا الأمر الذي استخار فيه، لاسيما إن كان يميل إليه قبل الاستخارة.
وهذا المعنى الذي شرحناه في الانقباض هو الذي يعبر عنه بانصراف المستخير عن الشيء، وعلامته أن لا يبقى قلبه بعد صرف الأمر عنه معلقاً به، وهذا هو نص الحديث الذي في الاستخارة؛ فإن المستخير يقول في دعائه: (فاصرفه عني واصرفني عنه واقدر لي الخير حيث كان ثم رضِّني به)، وقد نقل الاتفاق من أهل العلم على هذا المعنى الأخير.
وقد مال بعض أهل العلم إلى أنه لا يشترط في الاستخارة حصول انشراح الصدر، فإذا استخار المسلم فليفعل ما بدا له سواء انشرح له صدره أم لم ينشرح، وفي هذا المعنى نظرٌ بيِّن لا يخفى، فإن المستخير قد يُقدم على أمورٍ تضره لاسيما في الأمور الخطيرة التي تتعلق بمصير الإنسان كأمر الزواج والطلاق، فقول الجمهور أولى بالظهور من هذا القول الأخير.
إذا ثبت هذا فإنه ليس من شرط الاستخارة حصول الرؤيا في المنام، ولكن قد ترد الرؤيا عقب الاستخارة فحينئذ إن أمكن معرفة تأويلها من أهل العلم بها فهذا يعين كثيراً في معرفة وجه الصواب، فإن الرؤيا الصالحة من عند الله تعالى كما أخرج البخاري في صحيحه عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أنه قال: (لم يبق من النبوة إلا المبشرات. قالوا: وما المبشرات؟ قال: الرؤيا الصالحة)، ومع هذا فليس من شرط الاستخارة حصول الرؤيا.
إذا عُلِمَ هذا فإن وضع المستخير بعد الاستخارة على ثلاثة أحوال: فالأول أن يحصل له الانشراح أو الانقباض في الصدر؛ وقد عرف حكم هذا، والثاني: أن يحصل له جهالةٌ بالحال فلا يدري هل انشرح صدره أم لا، فهذا يحسن به أن يعيد الاستخارة ويكررها حتى يظهر له شيء من الانشراح أو عدمه، والحال الثالث: أن يظل على هذه الحال فلا يدري أهو خير أم لا؛ فحينئذ يجوز له كلا الأمرين، فله أن يقدم عليه وله أن يمتنع، ويرجح الإقدام أو عدمه أن يستشير الأمناء من ذوي العقول الراجحة ثم يعمل بما ظهر له من الرأي في ذلك، وقد روي (ما خاب من استخار وما ندم من استشار وما عال من اقتصد) رواه الطبراني، والحديث إسناده ضعيف لا يصح عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم.
وأما عن معرفة وجه الصواب بعد الاستخارة فقد أشرنا أن ذلك يكون برعاية النية والتجرد قبل الاستخارة، وأما عن فهم الرؤيا فهذا يحتاج إلى معرفةٍ بأصول التعبير، والأصل أن تُرد الرؤيا لأهل المعرفة بها، فإن الرؤيا من الوحي كما ثبت ذلك عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم في الحديث المشار إليه وغيره، ولا ينبغي الكلام فيها إلا عن معرفةٍ بها، فاسألي في ذلك من تثقين في أمانته ومعرفته.
نسأل الله عز وجل أن يختار لك خير ما اختار لعباده الصالحين وأن يرزقك البصيرة في دينه وأن يفتح لك فتحاً مبيناً وأن يرزقك التوفيق والسعادة في الدنيا والآخرة.
وبالله التوفيق.
المصدر : اسلام ويب
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